Changing the Default Terminal to Terminator on Ubuntu

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Terminator is a powerful tool for developers, allowing you to manage multiple terminal sessions in a single window. Features like splitting panes, tabs, and simultaneous input can significantly boost your productivity. Step 1: Install Terminator First, install Terminator using the apt package manager. sudo apt update sudo apt install terminator -y The -y option automatically answers 'yes' to any prompts during the installation process, streamlining the setup. Step 2: Set as the System Default Ubuntu uses a utility called update-alternatives to manage default applications. We'll use this tool to change the default terminal emulator ( x-terminal-emulator ) to Terminator. Run the Configuration Command Enter the following command in your terminal. A list of available terminals will appear. sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator Select Terminator From the resulting list, enter the selection number corresponding to terminator and press Enter. ...
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OSI 7 Layers Table with Protocols and Devices

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The OSI model divides computer networking into seven logical layers. Each layer has a unique purpose, related protocols, and network devices. The table below summarizes the OSI 7 layers with clear examples of protocols, PDUs, and devices used at each level.

OSI 7 Layers Explained with Protocols, PDU, and Devices
Layer Description Protocol PDU Devices
Application - Interacts between user and network application.
- API - set of routines that make up part of a software application		 HTTP, FTP, IMAP, SNMP, POP3, SMTP Data Chrome, Firefox, Skype
Presentation - Formats the data of application/network to be presented for the destination to be sent.
- It can be viewed as the data translator between the application and network.
- Character set translation
- Data conversion
- Data compression
- Data encryption or decryption (if needed)		 SSL, TLS
Session - Establishes a session between two nodes.
- Connection maintenance and termination
- Synchronization
- Dialog control
- Send to ports		 H.245, RTCP, SCP, SDP Logical Ports
Transport - Ensures that the entire message is delivered to the destination or not.
- Service point addressing
- Segmentation & reassembling
- Connection control
- Flow control
- Error control		 TCP, UDP Segment
Network - Controls the operations of the subnet, deciding which physical path the data takes.
- Logical addressing
- Routing
- Handling congestion issues
- Internetworking		 IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, IPsec, MPLS, ARP Packet Routers
Data Link - NIC – Switch – NIC
- Deals with data transfer
- Framing
- Physical addressing
- Access control
- Flow control
- Error control		 Ethernet, PPP, ATM, CDP Frame Switch, Bridge
Physical - Concerned with the transmission and reception of the unstructured raw bit stream over the physical medium.
- Media characteristics
- Data encoding
- Transmission mode		 Bluetooth, DSL, 802.11, Wi-Fi, ISDN Bits Repeater, Coax, Fibre

This OSI 7-layer table serves as a quick reference for students and IT professionals preparing for networking certifications like CCNA, CompTIA Network+, or just learning fundamental data communication concepts.

Location: Calgary, AB, Canada

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